Why Is It Important for Women to Take Care of Their Oral Health During Pregnancy?

About half of women experience pregnancy gingivitis, which is characterized by swelling, bleeding, redness, or tenderness in the gums. Possible causes include hormonal changes during pregnancy and poor oral hygiene. If left untreated, this condition may progress to periodontal disease, a serious gum infection that destroys the fibers and supporting bone that hold teeth in place. Periodontal disease may also affect the health of your baby.

Studies have shown that pregnant women with periodontal disease are seven times more likely to give birth to a premature or underweight baby (preterm low birth weight baby). The likely culprit is a labor-inducing chemical called prostaglandin, which is produced by oral bacteria. Very high levels of prostaglandin are found in women with severe periodontal disease.

Some pregnant women may also develop large lumps in their gums, known as pregnancy tumors, which can be removed by a periodontist.

Advice for Pregnant Women

• Maintain good oral hygiene practices: brush at least twice a day, floss daily, and visit your dentist regularly, preferably before pregnancy.
  
• Avoid sweet and sticky foods that are high in refined sugars. Brush your teeth after each snack. If brushing is not possible, rinse your mouth a couple of times with water.
  
• Schedule dental visits between the fourth and sixth month of pregnancy, as the first trimester is critical for your baby’s growth.
  
• During the first trimester, x-rays, pain medication, and dental anaesthetics are usually avoided unless absolutely necessary.
  
• During the last trimester, you may experience discomfort sitting in the dental chair for long periods.
• Emergency dental visits: Always inform your dentist that you are pregnant.